Introduction
He cable 12 AWG It is one of the most used options in electrical installations. By selecting the right wiring for an electrical installation, It is essential to know the difference between the different cable calibers. Two of the most common calibers in residential and commercial facilities are the 12 AWG and the 14 AWG. In this article, We will explore your differences, Recommended uses, load capacity and factors that affect their performance.
What does AWG mean?
AWG (American Wire Gauge) It is a standardized system to measure the diameter of electrical cables in North America. In this system, The lower the number, the larger the diameter of the cable. Therefore, and cables 12 AWG is thicker than a cable of 14 AWG.
Differences between the cable of 12 AWG and the cable 14 AWG
1. Diameter and cross section
- Cable 12 AWG: Has a diameter of approximately 2.05 mm and a cross section of 3.31 mm².
- Cable 14 AWG: Has a diameter of approximately 1.63 mm and a cross section of 2.08 mm².
The greatest thickness of 12 AWG It allows to drive more current and reduce the loss of energy by resistance.
2. Current capacity
The current capacity of a cable refers to the amount of amps that can be transported without overheating.
- Cable 12 AWG: Can transport to 20 amps.
- Cable 14 AWG: Can transport to 15 amps.
If a circuit with higher current consumption is needed, The use of a cables 12 AWG To avoid overheating and fire risks.
3. Recommended use
The Electric Code dictates the specific uses of each caliber:
- Cable 12 AWG: It is used in 20A circuits, Like cooking plugs, washing machines, Dryers and heating systems.
- Cable 14 AWG: It is used in 15A circuits, as general lighting and outlets.
4. Tension fall
The voltage drop occurs when a cable is too thin for the distance traveled. He 12 AWG has less resistance than 14 AWG, So it keeps the voltage better at long distances.
If the cable route is greater than 15 metros, It is recommended to use 12 AWG To avoid energy losses.
5. Cable cost
The cables 12 AWG is more expensive than the 14 AWG Due to its greater amount of copper. However, Investment can be worth high consumption applications.
6. Flexibility and facility of installation
He cable 14 AWG is more flexible and easy to handle, while the 12 AWG is more rigid and difficult to bend, what can complicate installation in small spaces.
When to use 12 AWG and when to use 14 AWG?
| Application | Recommended cable |
|---|---|
| Residential lighting | 14 AWG |
| General plugs (15A) | 14 AWG |
| Kitchen plugs | 12 AWG |
| 20A circuits | 12 AWG |
| Air conditioners | 12 AWG |
| Heater | 12 AWG |
| Long routes (+15m) | 12 AWG |
Security and regulations
Following electrical regulations is essential to guarantee safety. He National Electrical Code (NEC) states that:
- It should not be used cable 14 AWG In 20A circuits.
- It is always better to use a greater caliber if there is doubts about electricity consumption.
The incorrect use of the cable can generate Fire and overheating risks.
Conclusion
The choice between a cables 12 AWG and a cable of 14 AWG It depends on the electric charge and the distance of the circuit. If required More current capacity and lower tension drop, he 12 AWG it is the best option. For low demand applications, he 14 AWG is sufficient and cheaper.
It is crucial to respect electrical regulations and consult a certified electrician to guarantee a safe and efficient installation.