Electricity is one of the fundamental pillars of the modern world, and his study involves essential concepts such as ohm (Oh) and the Ley de Ohm. These notions are indispensable to understand how electric current works, How the materials behave in front of it and how to design electrical circuits efficiently. In this article, We will explain what an Ohmio is, What does Ohm's law mean and how to apply it in practice.
what is ohm?
He ohm It is the unit of measure of electrical resistance in the International Unit System (AND). Your symbol is Ω, which is derived from the Greek letter Omega capitalized. The electrical resistance measures the opposition that a material or component offers to the electric current flow.
Definition of an ohm:
An ohm is defined as the resistance between two points of a conductor when a potential difference of 1 volt (V) produces a current of 1 ampere (A). Mathematically, This definition is expressed as:
1 Ω = 1 V ÷ 1 a
In practical terms, If a circuit has a resistance of 1 ohmio, means that a voltage of 1 volt to circulate a current of 1 amperio through said circuit.
Factors that affect resistance:
Electrical resistance depends on several factors, Among them:
- Driver material: Materials such as copper and aluminum have low resistance, while insulators such as wood or plastic have high resistance.
- Driver length: A greater length, greater will be the resistance.
- Cross section area: The thicker the driver, minor will be the resistance.
- Temperature: In most materials, Resistance increases with temperature.
What is Ohm's law?
The Ley de Ohm It is one of the fundamental laws of electricity and describes the mathematical relationship between the strain (V), the current (I) and the endurance (R) In an electrical circuit. It was formulated in 1827 By German physicist and mathematician Georg Simon Ohm. According to this law:
V=I×R
Where:
- V: Voltage or potential difference (In volts, V).
- I: Electric current (In amps, A).
- R: electrical resistance (In Ohms, Oh).
Ohm's law explanation
Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.. In simpler terms:
- If we increase the voltage, the current will also increase (if the resistance remains constant).
- If we increase the resistance, the current will decrease (if the voltage remains constant).
The relationship between these three magnitudes allows any of them to be calculated if the other two are known.:
1.To calculate the voltage:
V=I×R
2.To calculate the current
I=V÷R
3.To calculate the resistance:
R= V÷I
Applications of Ohm's Law
The is fundamental in the design, analysis and maintenance of electrical and electronic systems. Some of its most common applications are:
1. Electrical circuit design:
Engineers and technicians use Ohm's Law to determine the necessary values of resistors., voltage sources and other components in a circuit.
2. Diagnosing electrical problems:
If an electrical device is not working properly, Ohm's Law can help identify if the problem is related to a short circuit, a faulty resistor or inadequate power supply.
3. Energy consumption calculation:
Combining Ohm's Law with the electrical power formula (P=V×I), You can calculate the energy consumed by a device or the efficiency of an electrical system.
Practical example of Ohm's Law
Suppose we have a circuit with a resistance of 10 Ω and we want to calculate the current that flows when we apply a voltage of 5 V.. Using Ohm's Law Formula:
I = V÷R = 5÷10 = 0.5A
This means that the current flowing through the circuit is 0.5 amps.
If we now want to calculate the voltage necessary to generate a current of 2 A through the same resistor, we apply the formula:
V=I × R=2×10=20V
This indicates that we need to apply a voltage of 20 volts to achieve that current.
Importance of Ohm's Law in daily life
Ohm's Law is not only relevant in the field of engineering, It also has practical applications in everyday life.. For example:
- Appliances: It helps us understand how devices like televisions work, refrigerators or lamps.
- Automobiles: Used to design vehicle electrical systems, such as batteries and lighting systems.
- electrical installations: It is essential to determine the size of the cables, circuit breakers and other components in a secure installation.
Limitations of Ohm's Law
Although Ohm's Law is widely applicable, has certain limitations. Not valid in the following cases:
- Non-ohmic materials: Some materials, like semiconductors, They do not follow a linear relationship between voltage and current.
- Extreme conditions: Resistance can change dramatically with temperature, pressure or other factors in certain materials.
- Complex circuits: In systems with inductive or capacitive reactances, Ohm's Law must be combined with other electrical laws, like Kirchhoff's Law.
Conclusion
He ohm y Ley de Ohm They are fundamental pillars to understand and work with electricity. Ohm measures electrical resistance, while Ohm's Law states how voltage interacts, current and resistance in a circuit. Its understanding and application are essential in electrical engineering, electronics and many other technological areas.
From designing a simple circuit to analyzing complex electrical systems, Ohm's Law provides us with the necessary tools to guarantee efficient and safe operation. It is knowledge that illuminates (literally) the path to a better connected world!