Distribution transformers are a fundamental component of electrical power systems, as they guarantee the safe and efficient delivery of electricity from power plants to end users. They reduce high voltage electricity to a lower voltage, suitable for homes, industrial companies and facilities. This article analyzes in depth the types, components and applications of distribution transformers, highlighting at the same time its importance in modern energy distribution networks.
What is a distribution transformer?
A distribution transformer is an electrical device designed to transfer electricity between circuits while changing voltage levels. They are the final step in the electricity transmission, converting the high voltage energy of the transmission lines to usable levels for consumers.
Structure and components of distribution transformers
Distribution transformers mainly consist of three main parts: coils/windings, a magnetic core and a tank. Each component plays a different role in the functionality of the transformer..
Coils/windings:
primary winding: this is where the alternating current (CA) incoming generates a magnetic flux.
Secondary winding: The magnetic flux generated by the primary winding induces an electric current in the secondary winding.
The coils are made of conductive materials such as copper or aluminum and are wound around the magnetic core.
Magnetic core:
The magnetic core allows the transfer of the magnetic field from the primary winding to the secondary winding through the principle of magnetic induction.
It is usually made of laminated steel sheets to minimize energy losses due to parasitic currents.
Tank:
The tank works as a mechanical package that protects active parts (coils and nucleus).
Contains transformer oil, which is used for cooling and insulation. Additional components such as bushings, cooling systems and auxiliary equipment can also be lodged inside the tank.
Principle of operation of distribution transformers
Distribution transformers work according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an alternating current passes through the primary winding, creates a magnetic flux that induces an electric current in the secondary winding. The process occurs without changes in the frequency of electrical energy.
Voltage transformation: transformers convert a high voltage (generally from 11 a 33 kV) at a lower voltage (usually from 250 o 433 V).
Current transformation: The current in the secondary winding is proportional to the turns ratio of the windings (number of turns in the secondary winding divided by the number of turns in the primary winding).
Applications of distribution transformers
Distribution transformers are widely used in suburban areas, public supply authorities and industrial customers. They are usually the last link in the supply chain of electrical energy to homes and industrial companies..
Suburban and urban areas:
Distribution transformers are installed in suburban and urban areas to reduce the voltage of the transmission level to the distribution level.
Guarantee a reliable and efficient supply of electricity to residential and commercial buildings.
Public supply authorities:
Public service companies use distribution transformers to distribute energy to several consumers within their service area.
They are crucial to maintain voltage and current levels within specific limits to guarantee the safe and efficient functioning of electrical appliances.
Industrial clients:
Industries require a stable and reliable energy supply for their operations.
Distribution transformers are used to convert high voltage power from the grid to a lower voltage suitable for industrial machinery and equipment.
Rules and regulations
To ensure quality and safety, Distribution transformers must comply with international regulations such as:
- IEC 60076: International standard for general specifications.
- ANSI/IEEE C57: Rules applicable in the United States.
- ISO 9001: Guarantee quality systems in manufacturing.
Current trends in distribution transformers
- Smart transformers: Equipped with sensors and IoT systems for remote monitoring.
- Eco-friendly designs: Use of biodegradable oils and recyclable materials.
- High energy efficiency: Models that meet stricter efficiency standards.
Main components of a distribution transformer
- Magnetic core:
- Generally made of silicon steel sheets to minimize magnetic losses.
- Coils or windings:
- Rolled with copper or aluminum, transform electricity by electromagnetic induction.
- Oil tank (In oil transformers):
- Contains and protects the insulating environment.
- Insulators:
- Avoid current leaks between the nucleus and the coils.
- Fan or cooling systems:
- Coolers that help dissipate the heat generated.
Manufacturer of distribution transformers
Los distribution transformers They are the heart of modern electrical systems. Its correct selection, installation and maintenance not only guarantee a reliable supply of electricity, but they also contribute to energy sustainability and reduction of operating costs. As technologies advance, Transformers evolve to offer greater efficiency, security and adaptability to the changing needs of the world.